Techniques
Jodan - upper level
Chudan - middle level
Gedan - lower level
Uke - block
aga-uke - rising block
yoko-uke - side block
hiki-uke - pulling block
uchi-uke - inside block
gedan-barai - lower block (‘barai’ means ‘sweep’ or ‘brush’)
mawashi-uke - round block
Tsuki - punch/thrust
choku-tsuki - straight punch
oi-tsuki - lunge punch
gyaku-tsuki - reverse punch
Keri / geri - kick
mae-geri - front kick
yoko-geri - side kick
ushiro-geri - back kick
hiza-geri - knee kick
kansetsu-geri - joint kick
mawashi-geri - round-house kick
Others
Ura-ken - back fist
Tetsui-uchi - hammer fist
Shuto - open handed strike (with outside edge)
Haito - open handed strike (with inside edge)
Stances:
Dachi - stance
A good video showing the basic stances most commonly used karate can be found here: